{"id":814,"date":"2018-09-25T15:36:09","date_gmt":"2018-09-25T14:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cristinaorozbajo.com\/trastorno-especifico-del-lenguaje-tel\/"},"modified":"2018-09-25T15:36:09","modified_gmt":"2018-09-25T14:36:09","slug":"trastorn-especific-del-llenguatge-tel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cristinaorozbajo.com\/ca\/trastorn-especific-del-llenguatge-tel\/","title":{"rendered":"TRASTORN ESPEC\u00cdFIC DEL LLENGUATGE (TEL)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El trastorn espec\u00edfic del llenguatge, TEL (Specific Language Impairment, SLI) \u00e9s un trastorn greu i durador que retarda l&#039;adquisici\u00f3 del llenguatge en nens que no tenen p\u00e8rdua d&#039;audici\u00f3 ni cap altra causa de retard en el seu desenvolupament i que es prolonga durant la inf\u00e0ncia i l&#039;adolesc\u00e8ncia, i poden deixar algunes seq\u00fceles a l&#039;edat adulta. Aquest tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s conegut com a trastorn del desenvolupament del llenguatge, retard del llenguatge o disf\u00e0sia.<\/p>\n<p>Actualment es desconeix la causa del TEL, per\u00f2 a la literatura del camp trobem articles que esmenten el component gen\u00e8tic, afirmant que del 50 al 70% dels nens amb aquestes dificultats tenen membres de la fam\u00edlia amb el mateix trastorn.<\/p>\n<p>El TEL \u00e9s un trastorn heterogeni que es manifesta de diferents maneres, distingint-ne cadascuna. De tota manera, solem trobar algunes caracter\u00edstiques que s\u00f3n comunes o similars entre els pacients:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tardava adquisici\u00f3 del llenguatge, obstruint la intel\u00b7ligibilitat, immaduresa en les formes sint\u00e0ctiques, errors morfol\u00f2gics considerables que perduren en el temps.<\/li>\n<li>Retard en l&#039;adquisici\u00f3 del llenguatge, presentant la possibilitat de desenvolupar les primeres paraules, que despr\u00e9s podran desapar\u00e8ixer, fins i tot els sons adquirits.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e8xic limitat.<\/li>\n<li>Pres\u00e8ncia de conductes disruptives per compensar-ne les dificultats.<\/li>\n<li>Si la comprensi\u00f3 del discurs est\u00e0 afectada, el quadre conductual pot ser m\u00e9s complex.<\/li>\n<li>Evoluci\u00f3, en funci\u00f3 de la gravetat. Normalment perduren en el temps els problemes en coher\u00e8ncia i cohesi\u00f3 del discurs, les dificultats conversacionals i, de vegades, la seva conducta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Com hem observat, si el TEL afecta la comprensi\u00f3 i l&#039;expressi\u00f3, afectar\u00e0 la lectoescriptura i, en conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, l&#039;aprenentatge. Per aix\u00f2, si no es tracta en el moment oport\u00fa, podr\u00e0 afectar el rendiment escolar i l&#039;autoestima. D&#039;aquesta manera, el diagn\u00f2stic primerenc i la intervenci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 s\u00f3n fonamentals per consolidar les bases del tractament.<\/p>\n<p>El tractament s&#039;haur\u00e0 de centrar en els aspectes seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atenci\u00f3 logop\u00e8dica:\n<ul>\n<li>Intervenci\u00f3 lexico-sem\u00e0ntica, morfo-sint\u00e0ctica, narrativa, fonol\u00f2gica i en la lectura.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica:\n<ul>\n<li>Atenci\u00f3 i escolta, velocitat de processament, planificaci\u00f3, funcions executives, mem\u00f2ria de treball, flexibilitat cognitiva i flu\u00efdesa verbal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Atenci\u00f3 familiar:\n<ul>\n<li>Orientaci\u00f3 i suport emocional, entrenament de la fam\u00edlia com a autor per aconseguir l&#039;\u00e8xit del tractament i la coordinaci\u00f3 entre els diferents entorns del nen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>MARIONA ALSED\u00c0 FLORENSA<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5><strong>Logopeda, Mestra d&#039;Educaci\u00f3 Especial i Psicopedagoga<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><img class=\"\\\"alignleft\" wp-image-798\\\" src=\"\\\"https:><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El trastorno espec\u00edfico del lenguaje, TEL (Specific Language Impairment, SLI) es un trastorno grave y duradero que retrasa la adquisici\u00f3n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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